Controlling cooling tower water quality by hydrodynamic cavitation.(Technical report): An article from: ASHRAE Transactions

Controlling cooling tower water quality by hydrodynamic cavitation.(Technical report): An article from: ASHRAE Transactions Review

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This digital document is an article from ASHRAE Transactions, published by Thomson Gale on July 1, 2007. The length of the article is 7706 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: A field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a hydrodynamic cavitation device (HCD) for disinfection, scaling, corrosion, and heat-transfer efficiency on a cooling-tower system at an automotive testing facility. Primary findings are: (1) The HCD unit performed as well as the chemical program that it replaced in terms of bacterial control without adding any chemicals (including disinfectants); the bacterial count was maintained at ~[10.sup.4] cfu/mL over the course of the study. (2) The HCD unit enabled the cooling system to be operated at comparable cycles of concentration (CoC) to that used during the chemical program, without adversely affecting pH, scaling, or corrosion. (3) The corrosion rates of copper and mild steel were either equivalent or better than those obtained during the chemical program. (4) The use of the HCD unit did not adversely affect heat-transfer efficiency. Long-term effectiveness of this technology was not evaluated as part of this study.

Citation Details
Title: Controlling cooling tower water quality by hydrodynamic cavitation.(Technical report)
Author: W.A. Gaines
Publication:ASHRAE Transactions (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 113 Issue: 2 Page: 250(11)

Article Type: Technical report

Distributed by Thomson Gale

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The 2000 Import and Export Market for Heating and Cooling Equipment and Parts in Oceana (World Trade Report)

The 2000 Import and Export Market for Heating and Cooling Equipment and Parts in Oceana (World Trade Report) Review

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On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners approaching the market in Oceana face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying heating and cooling equipment and parts to Oceana? What is the dollar value of these imports? How much do the imports of heating and cooling equipment and parts vary from one country to another in Oceana? Do exporters serving the market in Oceana have similar market shares across the importing countries? On the supply side, Oceana also sells to the international market of heating and cooling equipment and parts. Which countries in Oceana supply the most exports of heating and cooling equipment and parts? Which countries are buying their exports? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for heating and cooling equipment and parts in Oceana. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. Icon Group has developed a proprietary methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for heating and cooling equipment and parts for those countries serving Oceana via exports, or supplying from Oceana via imports. We do so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

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Jun 21, 2011 20:55:11

The 2009 Report on Heating and Cooling Appliances: World Market Segmentation by City

The 2009 Report on Heating and Cooling Appliances: World Market Segmentation by City Review

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This report was created for global strategic planners who cannot be content with traditional methods of segmenting world markets. With the advent of a "borderless world", cities become a more important criteria in prioritizing markets, as opposed to regions, continents, or countries. This report covers the top 2000 cities in over 200 countries. It does so by reporting the estimated market size (in terms of latent demand) for each major city of the world. It then ranks these cities and reports them in terms of their size as a percent of the country where they are located, their geographic region (e.g. Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East, North America, Latin America), and the total world market.

In performing various economic analyses for its clients, I have been occasionally asked to investigate the market potential for various products and services across cities. The purpose of the studies is to understand the density of demand within a country and the extent to which a city might be used as a point of distribution within its region. From an economic perspective, however, a city does not represent a population within rigid geographical boundaries. To an economist or strategic planner, a city represents an area of dominant influence over markets in adjacent areas. This influence varies from one industry to another, but also from one period of time to another.

In what follows, I summarize the economic potential for the world's major cities for "heating and cooling appliances" for the year 2009. The goal of this report is to report my findings on the real economic potential, or what an economist calls the latent demand, represented by a city when defined as an area of dominant influence. The reader needs to realize that latent demand may or may not represent real sales.

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