Moving ducts into conditioned space: getting to code in the Pacific Northwest.(Report): An article from: ASHRAE Transactions

Moving ducts into conditioned space: getting to code in the Pacific Northwest.(Report): An article from: ASHRAE Transactions Review

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This digital document is an article from ASHRAE Transactions, published by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. on January 1, 2010. The length of the article is 3733 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Changes in building practices in the Pacific Northwest have led to the installation of most components of central forced air heating systems outside of the conditioned envelope resulting in an overall degradation of distribution efficiency. Increases in fuel costs and efforts to reduce environmental impacts have resulted in an effort to encourage builders to place duct work within the conditioned envelope and regain lost distribution efficiency. Through a voluntary process supported by research and training, builders have learned to overcome obstacles and accept placement of ducts within conditioned space as a cost effective way to reach tax and utility incentive levels for energy efficiency. Growing acceptance has resulted in new compliance measures for ducts within conditioned space in Oregon and Washington energy codes. Modeling with SEEM software indicates substantial savings for the region across climate zones and system fuel types ranging from 9.0 to 28.4% system savings in heating and 7.7 to 17.0% savings in cooling.

Citation Details
Title: Moving ducts into conditioned space: getting to code in the Pacific Northwest.(Report)
Author: David Hales
Publication:ASHRAE Transactions (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2010
Publisher: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
Volume: 116 Issue: 1 Page: 507(5)

Article Type: Report

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Jul 12, 2011 04:03:52

The 2009 Import and Export Market for Machinery for Making Hot Drinks or for Cooking or Heating Foods in Peru

The 2009 Import and Export Market for Machinery for Making Hot Drinks or for Cooking or Heating Foods in Peru Review

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On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods in Peru face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods to Peru? How important is Peru compared to others in terms of the entire global and regional market? How much do the imports of machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods vary from one country of origin to another in Peru? On the supply side, Peru also exports machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods. Which countries receive the most exports from Peru? How are these exports concentrated across buyers? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods in Peru. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods for those countries serving Peru via exports, or supplying from Peru via imports. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where Peru fits into the world market for imported and exported machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for Peru in particular, is estimated using a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. From there, each country represents a percent of the world market. This market is served from a number of competitive countries of origin. Based on both demand- and supply-side dynamics, market shares by country of origin are then calculated across each country market destination. These shares lead to a volume of import and export values for each country and are aggregated to regional and world totals. In doing so, we are able to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of both the value of each market and the share that Peru is likely to receive this year. From these figures, rankings are calculated to allow managers to prioritize Peru compared to other major country markets. In this way, all the figures provided in this report are forecasts that can be combined with internal information sources for strategic planning purposes.

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Jul 10, 2011 19:56:34

The 2009 Import and Export Market for Machinery for Making Hot Drinks or for Cooking or Heating Foods in Colombia

The 2009 Import and Export Market for Machinery for Making Hot Drinks or for Cooking or Heating Foods in Colombia Review

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On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods in Colombia face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods to Colombia? How important is Colombia compared to others in terms of the entire global and regional market? How much do the imports of machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods vary from one country of origin to another in Colombia? On the supply side, Colombia also exports machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods. Which countries receive the most exports from Colombia? How are these exports concentrated across buyers? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods in Colombia. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods for those countries serving Colombia via exports, or supplying from Colombia via imports. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where Colombia fits into the world market for imported and exported machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for Colombia in particular, is estimated using a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. From there, each country represents a percent of the world market. This market is served from a number of competitive countries of origin. Based on both demand- and supply-side dynamics, market shares by country of origin are then calculated across each country market destination. These shares lead to a volume of import and export values for each country and are aggregated to regional and world totals. In doing so, we are able to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of both the value of each market and the share that Colombia is likely to receive this year. From these figures, rankings are calculated to allow managers to prioritize Colombia compared to other major country markets. In this way, all the figures provided in this report are forecasts that can be combined with internal information sources for strategic planning purposes.

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Jul 09, 2011 15:43:07

Changes in the cooling systems: changing maintenance requirements and new design concepts are giving cooling systems some well-deserved attention.(Equipment ... An article from: Fleet Equipment

Changes in the cooling systems: changing maintenance requirements and new design concepts are giving cooling systems some well-deserved attention.(Equipment ... An article from: Fleet Equipment Review

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This digital document is an article from Fleet Equipment, published by Babcox Publications, LLC on July 1, 2010. The length of the article is 1938 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

Citation Details
Title: Changes in the cooling systems: changing maintenance requirements and new design concepts are giving cooling systems some well-deserved attention.(Equipment Technology)
Author: Tom Gelinas
Publication:Fleet Equipment (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2010
Publisher: Babcox Publications, LLC
Volume: 36 Issue: 7 Page: 42(4)

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Jul 08, 2011 12:42:55

Controlling cooling tower water quality by hydrodynamic cavitation.(Technical report): An article from: ASHRAE Transactions

Controlling cooling tower water quality by hydrodynamic cavitation.(Technical report): An article from: ASHRAE Transactions Review

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This digital document is an article from ASHRAE Transactions, published by Thomson Gale on July 1, 2007. The length of the article is 7706 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: A field study was conducted to evaluate the performance of a hydrodynamic cavitation device (HCD) for disinfection, scaling, corrosion, and heat-transfer efficiency on a cooling-tower system at an automotive testing facility. Primary findings are: (1) The HCD unit performed as well as the chemical program that it replaced in terms of bacterial control without adding any chemicals (including disinfectants); the bacterial count was maintained at ~[10.sup.4] cfu/mL over the course of the study. (2) The HCD unit enabled the cooling system to be operated at comparable cycles of concentration (CoC) to that used during the chemical program, without adversely affecting pH, scaling, or corrosion. (3) The corrosion rates of copper and mild steel were either equivalent or better than those obtained during the chemical program. (4) The use of the HCD unit did not adversely affect heat-transfer efficiency. Long-term effectiveness of this technology was not evaluated as part of this study.

Citation Details
Title: Controlling cooling tower water quality by hydrodynamic cavitation.(Technical report)
Author: W.A. Gaines
Publication:ASHRAE Transactions (Magazine/Journal)
Date: July 1, 2007
Publisher: Thomson Gale
Volume: 113 Issue: 2 Page: 250(11)

Article Type: Technical report

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Jul 06, 2011 08:33:54

Impact of pressurization on energy consumption for laboratories and cleanrooms.(Report): An article from: ASHRAE Transactions

Impact of pressurization on energy consumption for laboratories and cleanrooms.(Report): An article from: ASHRAE Transactions Review

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This digital document is an article from ASHRAE Transactions, published by American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc. on January 1, 2009. The length of the article is 5193 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser.

From the author: Pressure differential setpoint and air tightness affect both pressure control and energy consumption for containment spaces such as laboratories and cleanrooms. Due to the lack of engineering means to determine the suitable pressure differential setpoint during the design stage, such a setpoint is often intuitively selected. There is a lack of study in the literature that quantitatively examines the impacts of pressure differential setpoint and air tightness on energy consumption for containment spaces. Therefore, the objective of this study is to use simulation models to quantify the impact of pressure differential and air tightness on HVAC system energy consumption for a containment space. In this paper, three different laboratory layouts-a single laboratory, a suite of pressurized laboratories consisting of a small space within a large space, and two adjacent pressurized laboratory spaces- are modeled and simulated using MATLAB SIMULINK (Mathworks 2007). Using the simulation models, pressure differential for each laboratory space is systematically varied from -0.01 in. w.c. to -0.1 in. w.c. for each layout. Air tightness is also systematically changed from 500-3500 cfm/[(in. w.c .).sup.0.65]. (which is equivalent to 0.16-1.1 cfm/[ft.sup.2] at 0.3 in. w.c.) to represent a very-tight to very-loose envelope for each laboratory space within each layout. In general, the envelope air tightness affects fan and coil energy consumption greatly. Pressure differential setpoint also affect fan and coil energy consumption. It is found that for the single laboratory space layout, every 0.01 in. w.c. pressure differential setpoint variation yields about 2%-3% total energy consumption change. For every 500 cfm/[(in. w.c.).sup.0.65] air tightness variation, total energy consumption changes about 10%. For Layout 2, a suite of pressurized laboratory spaces consisting of a small inner space in a large outer space, pressure differential setpoint and air tightness variations in the inner small laboratory space cause larger energy changes than any variation in the outer large laboratory space. For Layout 3, two adjacent pressurized laboratory spaces, the energy impacts of differential setpoint and air tightness from the two spaces are similar, even though space 1 is about half the size of space 2. In general, every 0.01 in. w.c. pressure setpoint increase yields about 1%-2% total energy consumption change. For every 500 cfm/[(in. w.c.).sup.0.65] air tightness variation, total energy consumption changes about 10%.

Citation Details
Title: Impact of pressurization on energy consumption for laboratories and cleanrooms.(Report)
Author: Jin Wen
Publication:ASHRAE Transactions (Magazine/Journal)
Date: January 1, 2009
Publisher: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, Inc.
Volume: 115 Issue: 1 Page: 496(11)

Article Type: Report

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Jul 04, 2011 16:32:42

The 2009 Import and Export Market for Machinery for Making Hot Drinks or for Cooking or Heating Foods in Switzerland

The 2009 Import and Export Market for Machinery for Making Hot Drinks or for Cooking or Heating Foods in Switzerland Review

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On the demand side, exporters and strategic planners focusing on machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods in Switzerland face a number of questions. Which countries are supplying machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods to Switzerland? How important is Switzerland compared to others in terms of the entire global and regional market? How much do the imports of machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods vary from one country of origin to another in Switzerland? On the supply side, Switzerland also exports machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods. Which countries receive the most exports from Switzerland? How are these exports concentrated across buyers? What is the value of these exports and which countries are the largest buyers?

This report was created for strategic planners, international marketing executives and import/export managers who are concerned with the market for machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods in Switzerland. With the globalization of this market, managers can no longer be contented with a local view. Nor can managers be contented with out-of-date statistics which appear several years after the fact. I have developed a methodology, based on macroeconomic and trade models, to estimate the market for machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods for those countries serving Switzerland via exports, or supplying from Switzerland via imports. It does so for the current year based on a variety of key historical indicators and econometric models.

In what follows, Chapter 2 begins by summarizing where Switzerland fits into the world market for imported and exported machinery for making hot drinks or for cooking or heating foods. The total level of imports and exports on a worldwide basis, and those for Switzerland in particular, is estimated using a model which aggregates across over 150 key country markets and projects these to the current year. From there, each country represents a percent of the world market. This market is served from a number of competitive countries of origin. Based on both demand- and supply-side dynamics, market shares by country of origin are then calculated across each country market destination. These shares lead to a volume of import and export values for each country and are aggregated to regional and world totals. In doing so, we are able to obtain maximum likelihood estimates of both the value of each market and the share that Switzerland is likely to receive this year. From these figures, rankings are calculated to allow managers to prioritize Switzerland compared to other major country markets. In this way, all the figures provided in this report are forecasts that can be combined with internal information sources for strategic planning purposes.

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Jul 02, 2011 07:10:15